High-Bay Fluorescent Lighting
High Bay Lighting: T8 HO Fluorescent vs. Metal Halide
High-output T5 and high performance T8 fluorescent lighting systems are now capable of replacing high intensity discharge (HID) lighting in many interior spaces with mountings well above 25 feet, and some exterior spaces as well, while offering reduced energy use, more control options, better light quality and longer life.
Item ID: 26
Sector:
Commercial, Industrial
Energy System:
Lighting--Lamps & Ballasts
Technical Advisory Group: 2009 Lighting TAG (#1)
Synopsis:
Though early fluorescents were not appropriate for high-bay applications, new fluorescents have been successfully employed in fixtures 90 feet up or higher. Energy savings are roughly 50%, and significantly more savings can be achieved if these are used in conjunction with occupancy sensor control, which metal halide and other HID lamps cannot use.
Current fluorescent lighting offers excellent color quality, no flicker, lower mercury content, excellent lumen maintenance, and long lamp life of 40,000 to 60,000 hours. With multiple lamps and parallel wiring, a lamp failure in a fluorescent fixture doesn't necessitate an urgent replacement, as would the failure of a metal halide lamp. Though fluorescent lamps start with a slightly lower light level, they maintain their light output very well, decreasing output by less than 5% over their lifespan. Traditional technologies' light levels, on the other hand, tend to falloff rapidly. Additionally, fluorescent products' lifespan can exceed those of traditional lamps by 50% or more. The use of "self-cleaning glass or coatings" on fixtures could reduce the need for cleaning which would make the most of long-life and reduced maintenance claims. Note that fluorescent lamp performance is impacted by hot and cold temperatures, so they do best in conditioned spaces, but can work well in moderate climates in semi-conditioned spaces as well. Where fluorescent is not an option, induction, plasma and LED lighting may be alternatives, but at least for conditioned spaces, fluorescent lighting may be the most cost effective and high performance long-term choice currently available.
Baseline Example:
Baseline Description: 400W metal halide high-bay lamp with magnetic ballast,12 hours/day, 7 days/week
Baseline Energy Use: 2000 kWh per year per unit
Comments:
This assumes that each unit requires 458 input watts (including standard magnetic ballast losses) operating for twelve hours per day, seven days a week, for 52 weeks per year. Note: According to Table 4.7 in the "2010 U.S. Lighting Market Characterization" report (EERE, 2012-02-01 Pg 32), average daily operating hours for metal halide lamps in the commercial sector is 11.1 while the number increases to 16.5 hours in the industrial sector. The weighted average is about 12.3 hours of daily operation for all commercial and industrial sector metal halide lamps (also see Table 4.1 for the numbers of lamps in the commercial and industrial sectors). Use 12 hours per day for determination of baseline lamp annual operating hours and energy use.
Manufacturer's Energy Savings Claims:
Currently no data available.
Best Estimate of Energy Savings:
"Typical" Savings: 50%
Energy Savings Reliability: 6 - Approved Measure
Comments:
Savings based on replacing a 458W HID (Metal Halide lamps) with a magnetic ballast that provides 23,500 initial lumens (60% lumen maintenance; 12-15K hr. life) with a fixture containing four-foot T8HP lamps with a high light output ballast that draws only 222 Watts. The T8 fixture provides 21,100 initial lumens (95% lumen maintenance; 40K hr. life). Alternatively, a fixture containing four 4-foot 54W T5HO lamps equipped with a program start ballast requires only 234 Watts. Both alternatives are in the Bonneville Power Administration's (BPA) Commercial & Industrial lighting calculator, so ESR is 6. The fluorescent lamps don't have a lengthy restrike period so can be fitted with occupancy sensors that provide additional savings in intermittent occupancy spaces such as gymnasiums and warehouses.
One of the notable features of fluorescent lighting is the ability turn on instantly, so can be used effectively with occupancy sensors. In a warehouse, this may results in significantly higher energy savings. HID lamps such as metal halide lack this capability.
Energy Use of Emerging Technology:
1,000 kWh per unit per year
What's this?
Energy Use of an Emerging Technology is based upon the following algorithm.
Baseline Energy Use - (Baseline Energy Use * Best Estimate of Energy Savings (either Typical savings OR the high range of savings.))
Technical Potential:
Units: unit
Potential number of units replaced by this technology: 1,500,000
Comments:
According to the 2010 U.S. Lighting Market Characterization, Table 4.1, “Estimated Inventory of Lamps in the U.S. by End-Use Sector in 2010” (EERE, 2012 Pg 22), the number of metal halide lamps in the commercial and industrial sectors (nationwide) is estimated at 39,829,000 lamps. Four percent of this total (prorating by population of the Northwest) yields a total of 1,593,160 lamps. Use 1,500,000 due to uncertainty.
Regional Technical Potential:
1.50 TWh per year
171 aMW
What's this?
Regional Technical Potential of an Emerging Technology is calculated as follows:
Baseline Energy Use * Estimate of Energy Savings (either Typical savings OR the high range of savings) * Technical Potential (potential number of units replaced by the Emerging Technology)
First Cost:
Currently no data available.
Cost Effectiveness:
Simple payback, new construction (years): N/A
Simple payback, retrofit (years): N/A
What's this?
Cost Effectiveness is calculated using baseline energy use, best estimate of typical energy savings, and first cost. It does not account for factors such as impacts on O&M costs (which could be significant if product life is greatly extended) or savings of non-electric fuels such as natural gas. Actual overall cost effectiveness could be significantly different based on these other factors.
Reference and Citations:
EERE,
02/01/2012.
2010 US Lighting Market Characterization
Navigant Consulting, Inc.
FEMP,
09/17/2013.
New and Underutilized Technology: Efficient High Bay Fluorescent Lighting
Federal Energy Management Program
BTO,
10/17/2013.
Metal Halide Lamp Fixtures
Building Technologies Office
BTO,
10/17/2013.
High-Intensity Discharge Lamps
Building Technologies Office
EERE,
11/05/2010.
Common Industrial Lighting Upgrade Technologies
Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy
TPU,
05/05/2010.
Case Study New Construction: Whirlpool
Tacoma Public Utilities
TPU,
09/28/2010.
Case Study Bright Rebates: Simpson Lumber
Tacoma Public Utilities
NRC,
06/29/2009.
High-Bay Lighting
National Resources Canada
FEMP,
12/01/2011.
Covered Product Category: Industrial Luminaires
Federal Energy Management Program
NEMA,
2012.
Commercial Lighting Tax Deduction
National Electrical Manufacturers Association