LED Outdoor Luminaires Residential
Outdoor Residential Lighting: LED vs. CFL
Outdoor LED luminaires designed for residential use. This is functional lighting, as opposed to decorative or landscape lighting.
Item ID: 411
Sector:
Residential
Energy System:
Lighting--Fixtures: Outdoor
Technical Advisory Group: 2012 LED Lighting TAG (#5)
Average TAG Rating: 2.7 out of 5
TAG Ranking Date: 04/05/2012
Synopsis:
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/.The ENERGY STAR® program recognizes the following categories of outdoor residential LED luminaires: ceiling and close-to-ceiling mount, porch (wall-mounted), pendant, security, and post top. While these products may not resemble traditional lighting products, they may provide good quality lighting when used in the applications listed above. First costs, however, may cause sticker shock. The projected long lamp life and lumen maintenance are important benefits of LEDs that offset their higher price, but these benefits may not be apparent until much later.
Selecting the right light color and distribution pattern are important because these features are essential to consumer satisfaction, though it is often not as critical in outdoor applications. Sorting out marketing claims from tested and verified performance data is necessary so consumers get a product that meets their expectations. The voluntary ENERGY STAR program and Lighting Facts program both offer information about qualifying products to help clarify lighting performance, as will the Federal Trade Commission’s new (as of Jan. 1, 2012) mandatory Lighting Facts label. The U.S. DOE’s Solid State Lighting Program provides information about LED products in many applications.
Baseline Example:
Baseline Description: Incandescent
Baseline Energy Use: 588 kWh per year per home
Comments:
According to http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ssl/2012_residential-lighting-study.pdf , the total average outdoor usage of lighting is 588 kWh per household per year (555 Watts for 2.9 hrs. per day or 1,610 Wh/day, Page vii). Table 4.4 indicates that only 5.9% of exterior lighting for single-family, multi-family, and mobile homes is from compact fluorescent lamps. The bulk of the energy consumption is due not to incandescent lamps, but "other" lamp types.
Manufacturer's Energy Savings Claims:
Currently no data available.
Best Estimate of Energy Savings:
"Typical" Savings: 80%
Energy Savings Reliability: 6 - Approved Measure
Comments:
This estimate is based on the fact that as of early 2014, an LED lamp, on a lumen-for-lumen replacement, saves about 80% of the energy compared to an incancescent lamp with the same output.
This is also a deemed measure under the October 1, 2014 BPA "Energy Efficiency Implementation Manual". The deemed amount is $4.00 for retail markdown and other over-the-counter distribution methods and $6.00 for direct installation. This includes R, PAR, BR, and MR reflectors and outdoor directional lighting.
Energy Use of Emerging Technology:
117.6 kWh per home per year
What's this?
Energy Use of an Emerging Technology is based upon the following algorithm.
Baseline Energy Use - (Baseline Energy Use * Best Estimate of Energy Savings (either Typical savings OR the high range of savings.))
Technical Potential:
Units: home
Potential number of units replaced by this technology: 4,000,000
Comments:
Assume 4 million applicable homes in PNW. Based on NEEA's 2011
Residential Building Stock Assessment http://neea.org/resource-center/regional-data-resources/residential-building-stock-assessment
Regional Technical Potential:
1.88 TWh per year
215 aMW
What's this?
Regional Technical Potential of an Emerging Technology is calculated as follows:
Baseline Energy Use * Estimate of Energy Savings (either Typical savings OR the high range of savings) * Technical Potential (potential number of units replaced by the Emerging Technology)
First Cost:
Currently no data available.
Cost Effectiveness:
Simple payback, new construction (years): N/A
Simple payback, retrofit (years): N/A
What's this?
Cost Effectiveness is calculated using baseline energy use, best estimate of typical energy savings, and first cost. It does not account for factors such as impacts on O&M costs (which could be significant if product life is greatly extended) or savings of non-electric fuels such as natural gas. Actual overall cost effectiveness could be significantly different based on these other factors.
Comments:
An example product for a luminaire with an incandescent lamp and a motion sensor, offers as an accessory an 8.5 Watt LED screw-based lamp with a 50,000 hour life and emitting 430 lumens, similar to 40 watt lamps for about $20.At 10 cents per kWh and 12 hours per night operation, the simple payback of this energy-efficient upgrade would be about 7 ½ months.The cost of the lamp is really the difference and can be fairly minimal once out of the very basic luminaire category and into the more architecturally artistic models.
Detailed Description:
In new construction, outdoor LED luminaires can offer high quality lighting as well as motion sensor controls. LEDs also comply with the tightening energy codes with little difference once in the medium- to high-end prices because styles, functions, and materials appear to be much more influential on price than the type of lamp. The long life relieves the homeowner of changing lamps for many years, most likely longer than they will own the home, and allows for safety and security provided by lighting when you need it.
Energy use of about 8 watts compares well with CFLs at 13-18 watts and incandescent lamps at 40-60 watts. The simple payback of $20 LED upgrade to a porch light is about 7 ½ months.
Because of the poor performance of CFLs in cold weather, customer satisfaction should be higher with LEDs because they will come on immediately at full brightness. The integral (rather than screw-in) products also make make it especially hard to tamper with. The current residential LED marketplace is somewhat small but poised to grow, and with tightening codes, rising electricity costs, and concerns about mercury, this is likely to be a winning solution to outdoor lighting. As consumers gain familiarity with the technology, prices drop, and the number of products expand, they may consider changing technologies to a retrofit lamp or a replacement luminaire when their current systems fail. Once basic safety and security needs are met, outdoor lighting is used to convey status and image. Including a feature unique to LEDs, The opportunity for having programmable, color changing lights, which is a feature unique to LEDs, may encourage the part of the population excited about lighting their property at night to embrace LED technology.
Standard Practice:
The vast majority (75% or more) of this lighting market uses incandescent lamps and another 12 % uses halogen technologies. Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) make up virtually all the rest. As of 2010, the market penetration of LED products in this area was considered negligible by a study done for the DOE.
Pole or wall mountings are the most common fixtures, but some are on porch ceilings, post tops, and others mounted on the ground. These applications often operate from dawn to dusk, but some are only switched on for special use or controlled by motion sensors. The Energy Savings Estimates of Light Emitting Diodes in Niche Lighting Applications study completed for the DOE found the average duration of operation to be about 4.5 hours per night.
Development Status:
The outdoor residential market application is the only one with a negligible LED penetration and energy savings for 2010. Energy Star currently only has outdoor LED porch lights for the residential market on the approved list-representing 7 manufacturers and 41 products as of February, 2012. About 63 percent of these had color temperatures in the 2700-3000K range—the traditional, warm color commonly used in residential applications. More commercial products are available and some would be suitable for residential applications. Due to the decorative nature of most porch lighting, many consumers prefer to keep them and just replace lamps as they fail so the LED screw-in replacement lamps may find some niche use here.
Many building energy codes set a minimum efficacy for luminaires in new construction, favoring CFLs and LEDs, or requiring motion sensors and photo sensor controls. Because these controls may be built into the fixture, and most CFLs and consumer LED replacement lamps are not compatible (or are significantly more expensive) with the controls, replacement options can be limited. However, as with most aspects of LED technology, this too is improving steadily.
LEDs can also offer colored lighting and even color-changing technology. Currently these technologies are available for the commercial and entertainment sectors, but they are likely to find a residential market for those willing to spend more for artistic exterior lighting instead of the minimal porch lighting required for safe travel.
End User Drawbacks:
First costs are often a barrier. Most residential consumers are most interested in appearances, function and first costs ahead of energy-efficiency.
As outdoor entertainment spaces increase, having dimming as a control feature is important to some consumers, and that is likely to carry an additional price barrier.
The traditional technology provides a warm, ,yellowish light —while the most efficient LEDs tend to be on the bluish side of white light.
Appearances can be very different from traditional products and may not appeal to many people who prefer less modern styles.. LED lamps may not be bright enough to allow security cameras to work well.
As with all LED technology, consumers need good sources of information they can feel confident using to make selections and easy return policies if problems arise. Buying products from unfamiliar manufacturers that are expected to last many years can feel risky.
Operations and Maintenance Costs:
Comments:
If the LED lamps are medium based and replaceable, the CFLs would have shorter lifetimes.However, at the rate LED costs are dropping it is debatable if there would be a significant cost difference by the time the LED fails. The LEDs are starting to become available with the GU-24 base as well.Other O&M costs such as cleaning should be quite similar to that of traditional technologies.
Effective Life:
Comments:
Since LED products are still fairly new on the market, it’s hard to know for sure what the effective life will be. However, the key criteria for Energy Star-rated product requirements for effective life are as follows:
- "Medium screw-base covered, globe and outdoor reflector CFLs: = 6,000 hours,
- Bare medium screw-base CFLs and GU24-base covered, dimmable, and reflector lamps: = 8,000 hours
- GU24 Bare CFL Lamps: = 10,000 hours"
- LED bulbs at least 25,000 hours
- Outdoor Residential LED luminaires and light engines must have life of 35,000 hours or more under the new specification.
Competing Technologies:
Compact fluorescent lamps and some motion sensor-controlled lamps are most able to comply with current energy codes. Homeowners may also retrofit existing fixtures having medium sockets with incandescent, halogen, CFL or LED products. Given the high cost of some fixtures, it is likely those owners would retrofit the lamps for efficiency rather than get a new fixture.Since CFLs do not operate well on motion sensors, they are left operating dusk to dawn or manually switched. Users wanting to reduce operating times will choose incandescent or LED —and lighting standards will be reducing the options for incandescent products.
Reference and Citations:
DOE,
08/14/2014.
LED Lighting Facts
U.S. Department of Energy
Navigant ,
01/01/2011.
Energy Savings Estimates of Light Emitting Diodes in Niche Lighting Applications
U.S. Department of Energy, Building Technologies Program
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West,
06/29/2011.
Product Snapshot: LED Replacement Lamps
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